Teaching Learning Process

Teaching Learning Process is a comprehensive, continuous, and important lifelong process. Man starts learning after birth and keeps on learning something or other throughout his life; gradually, he tries to adjust himself to the environment. During this adjustment, he tries to get the most out of his experience; this is called learning.

The word learning clearly means that we learn about studies and classroom-related activities. Then we think about the various subjects and skills that we learn through school, but learning is not limited to school only; it can be learned from all the activities that are happening in our daily lives.

Definition of Teaching Learning

Learning from a text involves a multidimensional perspective that includes students’ knowledge, reader goals, interests, reader strategies, and comprehension levels. The basic idea of a text identifies it as a medium or tool used to impart knowledge and communicate ideas. Text-based learning is not limited to classroom learning but also includes social context. This process is essentially a synthesis of skills that requires readers to engage strategically in the construction and interpretation of meaning. The background of the reader, the style of the text, and the origin of the content contribute to cognitive interest when the text captures the reader’s mind and thoughts.

Definition of learning

“Learning is the process by which behaviour originates or changes through practise or training.”

Kingsley and R. Garry (1957)

“Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavioural capacity that results from reinforced practise.”

Kimble

“Learning is the acquisition of new behaviour or the strengthening or weakening of the use of old behaviour as a result of experience.”

Henry P. Smith (1962)

What is learning?

Learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour that is the result of experience. It is the acquisition of information, knowledge, and skills. When you think of learning, it’s easy to focus on the formal education that occurs during childhood and early adulthood. But learning is a continuous process that continues throughout life and is not confined to the classroom.

Note: Almost all the topics of the B.Ed. programme have been described in detail on our website; this analysis is available to you in both Hindi and English, for which you can go to the menu and select the B.Ed. programme.

Learning leads to lasting change.

Learning means retaining the knowledge you have acquired. If you look at that new vocabulary word in another context, you will understand its meaning. If the toilet starts running again in the future, you may need to watch the video again to refresh your memory on how to fix it, but you have some knowledge of what to do.

Learning occurs as a result of experience.

The learning process begins when you have a new experience, whether it’s reading a new word, having someone explain a concept, or trying a new method to solve a problem. Once you’ve tried a technique for hard-boiling eggs or a different way to work, you can determine whether it works for you and then use it in the future.

Learning can affect attitudes, knowledge, or behaviour.

There is much more to learning than “learning from books”. Yes, you can learn new words, concepts, and facts. But you can also learn how to do things and how to feel about them.

It is important to remember that learning can involve both beneficial and negative behaviours. Learning is a natural and ongoing part of life that happens constantly, for better and for worse.

Teaching and learning skills

Teaching is a process that facilitates learning. Education is the specialised application of knowledge, skills, and attributes designed to provide a unique service to meet the educational needs of an individual and society. The effectiveness of the teaching-learning process depends on the teaching skills of the teacher and the learning skills of the students.

Important Points of Teaching Skills

Interactive skills

This interactive skills teaching and learning process includes interpersonal skills, effective speaking skills, and presentation skills.

Self-confidence

The teacher should be confident enough to handle the subject matter and should be ready to explain and answer the questions raised by the students.

organisation skills

Full-time planning activities for teaching should be developed by the teachers, keeping in mind the needs and interests of the learners. The teacher must have the skills to work in teams and groups.

motivational skills

It is a very essential skill for the teacher, as the motivational process helps the students develop an interest in and attitude towards the subject being taught.

empathise with the students.

The teacher should try to build trust and rapport with the student. The teacher needs to feel the feelings of the students in a complex subject and work together with them towards the goal.

Creative thinking skills

Creative thinking skills include open invention and exploration of feelings. When people talk of right-minded activity, most of them mean creative thinking. The teaching process should be made interesting so that a creative approach can be developed, which can further develop the intellectual capacity of the students. Creative development is a process through which other problems get solved automatically.

Factors affecting learning

A- Factors related to students:

1: Physical Health

The physical health of the student is very important when learning any work. If the child is physically healthy, then he will take an interest in his learning. On the contrary, if the child has any physical problem, then his full attention is focused on it, and he He did not pay proper attention to his work, so it is very important for the child to be physically fit for learning.

2: Mental Health

Along with physical health, mental health is also very important for learning. If the child is mentally healthy, then he learns any work or thing quickly; otherwise, it takes him more time to learn the work. He can’t remember her for long.

Willingness to learn

If physical or mental health is good, the child should have a desire to learn anything. If he has the desire to learn the work, then he becomes successful in learning the work quickly. For this, there should be a desire in the child to get something.

4: Learning Time

If the child is taught any action for a long time, then he starts feeling tired. In this situation, the child becomes indifferent towards learning the action, so while teaching any action to the child, it must be kept in mind that the child No work should be done continuously for a long time; there should be some time gap between it.

5: Readiness to Learn

When a child is ready to learn, he or she learns any task quickly and keeps it in mind for a long time. But if the child is not ready to learn any work, then either he will not be able to learn that work or, even if he does, he will forget it quickly. Therefore, to teach a work to the child, readiness or inclination towards that work should be generated.

6: Basic Ability of the Student

Every parent has some or other basic ability, on the basis of which the activities should be taught. Under this comes the inherent power of the child: emotional vision. If children are taught any work according to their basic abilities, then they master the work quickly. Therefore, before giving training for work, information about the child’s basic abilities should be obtained; otherwise, the appropriate result will not be obtained.

7: Intelligence Level

All students or children are of different intelligences: normal, talented, stupid, retarded, etc. Before teaching any work to the student, his intelligence level should be known. Only after this should he be taught his cars. When the student is taught a task according to his intelligence level, it becomes easy to understand or gets help, and in this situation, he learns the tasks quickly.

8- Interest

Just as motivation is necessary in teaching a work to a student or a child, it is also necessary for the student to be interested in the work.

9: Motivation Level

Every child should use maximum motivation in the process of learning. By which the child can be motivated towards work; in its absence, the child works but does not reach the goal.

B- Factors related to teachers

1: Knowledge of the subject (subject knowledge):

Any teacher can impress his students only after having complete knowledge of his subject. A teacher without knowledge can neither get respect or habits from the students nor develop their minds. Only after having a complete knowledge of his subject can the teacher confidently say that by imparting new knowledge to the children, the development of their brains will be enhanced.

2: Physical and Mental Health:

Only when physically and mentally healthy can the teacher concentrate on the children and provide effective teaching.

3: Time Table Creation:

While preparing the time table in schools, it should be kept in mind that two difficult subjects should not be put together in a row and that difficult subjects should be kept in the first stage of the time table because in the first stage the child is refreshed and energetic and is physically and mentally prepared to learn.

4: Knowledge of Individual Differences

It is absolutely necessary for the teacher to have knowledge about individual differences. Individual differences are being given importance in the field of psychology. That’s why today education is imparted to the child keeping in mind his interest, aptitude, ability, etc. The teacher can make his teaching successful only after having knowledge of individual differences.

5: Teaching Method:

Teaching methods have a direct relationship with the learning process. All children cannot be taught with the same teaching method because each student is different. Therefore, the teaching method used by the teacher should be more effective or psychological; only then can the process of learning be successful.

6: Teacher’s Personality:

A teacher’s personality is the basis of successful teaching. The personality of a good teacher is impressive. The meaning of influential personality is that a good teacher is conscientious and healthy with self-confidence and will power; his qualities and habits have so much influence on the children that his overall interests become the children’s interests.

7: Teacher’s Behaviour:

If the teacher’s behaviour is equal to all the students’ (love, cooperation, sympathy, etc.), then the students will learn the lesson well. On the contrary, the behaviour of the teacher will create a wrong concept among the students about the teacher, which will prove to be very difficult to learn.

8: Desire to Teach:

Only when there is a desire to teach the lesson can the teacher teach it interestingly and also develop interest in reading among the students.

9: Loyalty to Business:

Loyalty to the profession also influences the learning process and creates interest in the subject. Therefore, the teacher should do his work with enthusiasm and readiness.

10-Arrangement for repeating practise work:

The teacher should repeat the tasks he is teaching to the students again and again. Due to this, interest is generated in the students’ work; they learn it well by doing the same work again and again. He held it in his mind for a long time.

11: Emphasis on child-centred education:

Today, a lot of emphasis is being placed on child-centred education. Therefore, it is necessary for the teacher to impart knowledge to the students according to their level of interest.

12: Knowledge of psychology and child nature:

It is also necessary for the teacher to have knowledge of various branches of psychology related to teaching. Teachers can make their teaching successful only after having knowledge of psychology. Apart from this, the teacher should also have knowledge of the nature of the child.

C- Factors Related to Content

Nature of Subject Matter

The nature of the subject matter influences the learning process as a whole. If the subject matter to be learned is simple, even a middle-class student can learn it easily. And if the subject matter is difficult, then the students experience difficulty learning, so the simpler the nature of the subject matter, the better the tendency to learn.

Size of the subject matter

The size and quantity of the subject matter directly affect the students’ learning process. It has been seen that the student first studies those lessons that are short and whose subject matter is less. They want to avoid long texts, and that is why the student is forced to read such texts. So the size of the subject matter should be small so that it can learn anything in a good way.

Purposefulness of the subject matter

If the subject matter is purposeful and satisfies the needs of the students, then they will learn it easily. Therefore, the subject matter should be chosen according to the purpose of the students.

4: Language style

Language style has an important place in learning. Simple languages are used by various authors. Children are more interested in reading that book, so it is very important to have a simple language style to prepare any subject matter.

5: Audio-visual aids

Audio-visual material has played an important role in making learning interesting. Even the most difficult course material can be made easier with the help of audiovisual aids. But that does not mean that it does not force the use of auxiliary materials in the text. Its use depends on the nature of the subject matter. Therefore, it is very important to have audio-visual material as one of the factors related to the subject matter.

6: Interesting subject matter

If the textbook is interesting, students read it with great interest, and if the subject matter is not interesting, students do not pay attention to learning and get bored or tired very soon. From this point of view, it is very important to make the text interesting. Teaching itself is an art. Therefore, by teaching the class, the teacher should create deep interest in the subject among the students and make deadly efforts to make the subject interesting with his understanding.

D- Environmental Factors

1: School Status

Many schools are located in places where there is a lot of vehicle noise, or some schools are located in places where there is a constant foul smell. In both of these situations, the attention of the child or student is disturbed while learning the tasks, so the construction of the school is appropriate. the place to be.

2: Classroom Environment

In a school, if the discipline of the classroom is so high that nothing other than the study of work is done there, then somewhere so much indiscipline is found that everything other than work is given place, or both conditions are not correct. There are When both of these conditions are coordinated, the expected result is achieved.

3: Family Environment

The environment of the classroom is also not necessary for the child, but the environment of the family is important. The children of families whose environment is good take interest in studies and learn difficult lessons easily; on the contrary, the environment of the families It is not good that the speed of learning for the children of those families is extremely slow. That is, if there are fights between the members of a family, then it has a direct effect on the children studying there, so to save the children from this environment, there should be an atmosphere full of affection in the family.

4: Physical Environment

Under the physical environment, the temperature, environment, light, air, noise, etc. are the main factors, so if the physical environment of the classroom is not suitable, the students will also start feeling tired, and their disinterest in learning will also arise.

5: Social Environment

The social and cultural environment also has an impact on the students’ learning. In general, the cultural environment refers to all those rules, ideas, beliefs, and material things created or influenced by the person from all sides of their life. Cultural environment as being human. It also has the greatest influence on the human and social development and learning of the child.

6: The nature of the particular material

To teach any work to the children, such subject material should be used that is easily available in the environment. Such subject matter helps the students coordinate or understand it.

7: Psychological Atmosphere

The psychological environment also has an impact on the process of learning. If there is a good relationship of mutual cooperation and harmony among the students, then the process of learning progresses smoothly.

relationship between teaching and learning

The main goal of education is to influence learning. Where teaching is done, there must be learning activities. Teaching facilitates students learning. According to the view of modern scholars, teaching and learning are the same concept. Teaching is incomplete until the concept of learning is not related to it. The concept of teaching and learning can be further clarified from the views of the various scholars mentioned below:

According to B.O Smith, the relationship between teaching and learning

“Teaching is the process by which learning is born. Where there is teaching, there must be learning, but it is not necessary that where there is learning, there should be teaching. Mr. Smith considers teaching and learning two different concepts, but at the same time, he is also of the opinion that analysis of the activities of teaching is not possible in the absence of forms of learning.

According to Mr. Clarke, the relationship between teaching and learning

“Permanent changes in behaviour can be made through learning, which is not affected by maturity and motivation. He has described teaching as a process by which permanent changes can be brought about in the behaviour of students. Therefore, the basis of achievement in teaching is learning.”

According to Gauge, the relationship between teaching and learning

“The concepts of teaching and learning can be differentiated, but they have also said that unless the process of teaching is coordinated with learning, it cannot be made effective. Therefore, teaching and learning should be considered concepts. ”

According to Bloom, the relationship between teaching and learning

“The main purpose of teaching activities, homework, debates, lectures, etc. is to develop the levels of functional, cognitive, and emotional aspects of the students.”

This type of development is the nature of learning. Therefore, learning is an essential concept for teaching, and for effective teaching, it is necessary to take into account the forms of learning.

BY : TEAM KALYAN INSTITUTE

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