Khadi is an Indian fabric. It is a hand-woven natural fibre fabric primarily made of cotton, with the addition of silk or wool, spun on a spinning wheel. It is used in all seasons. Khadi is a versatile fabric. The unique feature of this fabric is that it makes the wearer feel warm in the winter and cool in the summer. Khadi is worn by men and women and used by designers because of its varied texture, properties, and durability. This makes the clothes more attractive.
Khadi has seen different eras and different roles in India. Khadi has progressed from a weapon of Indian independence to a fashion statement. Khadi has seen a change in trend and a comeback in recent years, and it is now being purchased by an increasing number of people. This is the new trend in the fashion world, and it is an attractive attempt in the fashion world.

Origin of Khadi
Pastoralism was the third stage of human civilization, following nomadism or banjara. During this phase, the Indians discovered cotton trees growing around them. Since then, the cultivation of cotton on the land has progressed. Thus India becomes the origin of cotton and cotton cloth, or khadi. Hand spinning has been practised for many centuries, with the Indus Civilization having a developed cloth tradition around 2800 BCE, and with the advancement of mankind and civilization, developed evidence of spinning can be seen in the Vedic age.The Maurya period and Indian fabrics gradually gain international recognition.

charkha
A charkha is a device used for spinning thread or yarn from natural or artificial fibers. Charkha is a small wheel that can be easily carried anywhere; it is invisible for spinning cotton and other fine fibers. The spinning wheel was first used in India between 500 and 1000 A.D. Since then, the spinning wheel has become the face of India. The charkha was both a tool and a symbol of the independence movement in India.

Charkha is also being continuously developed in the direction of providing employment to women from Khadi and village industries. The spinning wheel that was once made of bamboo splinters has now become “high-tech” for women from Khadi and village industries. The spinning wheel that was once made of bamboo splinters has now become “high-tech.” A solar-powered spinning wheel is being made available to the women by the central government so that they can get more benefits with less labor. An announcement has been made by the Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises so that they can easily produce maximum yarn. On October 3, 2014, in his radio address “Mann Ki Baat,” while requesting people to make maximum use of Khadi, he expressed his intention that he wants the use of Khadi to increase so that the women of the country can get employment. So to receive

By connecting 10 percent of the total population of women in the country with this scheme, the government will speed up the campaign for women’s empowerment. Solar charkha will not pollute the environment or require women to work harder. Women have a strong attachment to khadi as a result of the solar charkha. Historically, khadi was a source of income for women. A large number of women were engaged in cotton spinning in every village. These women used to spin yarn after finishing their household chores. In such a situation, she used to get employment and do her domestic work as well. Solar Charkha has been used by the government in view of the huge trend towards Khadi among women.

Continuous efforts are being made for the development of Charkha.
The charkha, which was dear to the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, will no longer be run by hand but by solar energy. This new technology will not only promote Khadi but also increase the production of yarn at the village level. The speed of a hand-powered charkha is usually 1,000 to 1,500 rpm, while the speed of an amber charkha is 4,000 to 4,500 rpm. To increase the speed of solar charkha from 11000 to 12000 rpm, the number of spindlers was increased four times to 32 as compared to amber charkha. A yarn cross pattern was created to improve yarn quality. In the beginning, an attempt was made to keep the cost of this charkha around one lakh rupees. For this, there is also a plan to provide various types of subsidies from the central government. The spinning wheel will run on a 150-amp-hour battery, which can be charged via radiation in seven to eight hours. It can be used day and night with a spare battery.

Solar-powered Charkha in Surat
The city of Surat, situated on the banks of the Tapti River, has gifted this technology to the whole country. Surat’s Textile Engineering Association has had success in developing this technique. According to Hetalbhai Mehta, head of the Surat Association, this technology is expected to bring big changes. This will not only increase the speed of spinning yarn but can also help the efforts being made to increase the use of solar energy in the country. Along with this, the city of Surat can also be successful in setting new standards for the use of solar energy in the country. The president of the organization, brother Hetal Mehta, told me that, first of all, he studied the Amber Charkha and explored the possibility of further development in it. Vice President Rajendra Kalyani was entrusted with the responsibility of preparing it.

Charkha powered by a battery
Amber Charkha has a maximum speed of 4500 rpm (revolutions per minute), hand charkha has a maximum speed of 1500 rpm, and solar charkha has a maximum speed of 12000 rpm. Amber Charkha has 8 spindles, while Solar Charkha has 32 spindles. Therefore, after charging a 150-ampere battery with solar energy, it will be used in the charkha. This battery can be used for about seven hours, and if the charkha is to be run for a longer time, an additional battery can be used. The cost of the charkha will be around one lakh rupees.

Ludhiana produced the first 16-spindle solar charkha.
The country’s first 16-spindle solar charkha has been made in Ludhiana. It is produced by Lotte and Bhupa, helmed by SS Bedi. This solar-powered spinning wheel makes 3 kg of thread in 8 hours. The accuracy of this charkha is equivalent to that of a computerised machine. Many different threads, including acrylic, polyester, cotton, and viscose, can be made in this method. It can also be operated by hand. Both the brothers also have the record of making India’s first fancy yarn machinery, which was a hit in countries like Russia in the 1990s. Also, I made many discoveries, like jute machinery and the pedal loom. This is an effective project for small and cottage industries.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) and Women
The MSME Ministry wants to involve more and more women in Khadi manufacturing. The Ministry believes that Solar Charkha will be a revolutionary step in the field of providing employment to women, along with Khadi manufacturing. According to the Ministry of MSME, the use of solar charkha will also reduce the cost of construction, which will also generate more employment opportunities.

Different eras of Khadi
Khadi has an important identity in itself, which has progressed step by step through different eras. Khadi has seen various ups and downs, from the Vedic era to the Mughal era.

Vedic era
The spinning wheel was already an important part of Vedic households, occupying a sacred place before recent additions. The hands have an important place in many improvements, and spinning and weaving were well advanced; even the Vedas describe the wearing of different types of clothing.

Buddhist era
Weavers were employed during the Buddhist period, according to Buddhist literature.

Mauryan period
The Mauryan Empire was very advanced in the production of very fine cottons and cloth, all of it hand-spun and hand-woven khadi, although khadi or khadar (meaning rough white cotton cloth) came into much use. Great people have compared Indian Khadi to finely woven Chinese cloth, and even Greek writings mention the quality and beauty of Indian Khadi.

Golden era
During the Golden Age of the Guptas (300 AD to 700 AD), Khadi further developed its refineries, as shown by the magnificent paintings of the Ajanta caves. This painting shows an extraordinary variety of ornamental designs and a highly developed weaving technique.

Mughal era
India’s Khadi quickly reached its heights during the Mughal era; after a tragic decline at the hands of the British, the Mughal rulers were more or less successful in stabilising the country. Art and craft flourished under his rule. Such was the skill of Indian spinners, weavers, and embroiderers that the best products of China and Europe were looked down upon in front of those fabrics.
Khadi has been the national symbol of India for many years. It was part of the Indian flag in those days. Khadi has been an integral part of Indian history, culture, and tradition.
After the independence of India, Khadi was given special priority, and a separate board was formed for the same (the Khadi and Village Industries Commission), which works for the benefit of the Khadi industry and the people associated with it. Khadi has seen a significant increase in production and sales over the years. In the last few years, Khadi has seen an increase in domestic and international sales, with Khadi Yoga being featured as an Indian brand on the world map. Indian Khadi is gaining popularity in other countries due to its association with Gandhian ideology. Now, Khadi is not only worn by politicians; it is now the first choice for various big fashion houses. This popularity and global demand are enough to show the bright future ahead for Khadi.

Fall of Khadi
The story of Khadi’s Vasco-da-Gama landing in Calcutta is written down. The arrival of Europeans in India was the beginning of the decline of khadi in India. Initially, they also came to India as traders but eventually remained as rulers. The British established their industries in India to sell their cheap, machine-made products in India. With the establishment of such mills in India, the charkhas continued to become useless. The British exported cheap cotton to Britain and imported ready-made cloth to India at cheap rates, which was the main reason for the decline of Khadi in India. The invention of the steam engine and the spinning machine coincided with the growth of British power in India and changed the whole scenario of cotton hand spinning and weaving in the country. But even after so many efforts, Khadi could not put despair in the homes of needy people; piles of charkhas kept piling up, and villagers kept waving clothes for them. Khadi has been an integral part of the culture and lifestyle of Indians, and it is not easy to remove it.

revival of khadi
Khadi has been the pride of India; it has also been a symbol of national unity. Khadi has gone through many phases, from a flourishing golden age to a completely decadent era. Khadi has been an integral part of the Indian economy and culture, and it is not possible to keep away from it. Hence, after a short period of decline, various efforts have helped in the revival of Khadi.

Make in India and Khadi
The present government, under the leadership of Narendra Modi ji, started the “Make in India” programme to promote domestic industries, and under this program, Khadi is encouraged to make the village self-sufficient with government support or village industries. Some well-known apparel brands have also focused on Khadi. Various brands were promoted to promote Khadi, and various government efforts worked tirelessly to put Khadi on the global map.

The internet has the potential to revitalise the Khadi world.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has advised people to wear khadi. He has also said that the era of popularity of e-commerce is going on in the country, and Khadi and village industries should also take advantage of this. Following the Prime Minister’s appeal, where demand for Khadi in the country has increased rapidly, implementation of his advice has also advanced significantly.In the era of information technology, especially the internet and e-commerce, the Khadi and Village Industries Commission of India also cannot remain untouched by the infinite business possibilities that can be obtained spontaneously when connected to the highway of information. There is a long tradition in our country of using Khadi handicrafts and products produced in rural industries, but why have these traditional products remained away from modernity and opportunities? Why not record Khadi’s strong global position today so that Khadi can be recognized?The businessmen associated with it can get benefits at the global level.
The Khadi and Village Industries Commission has taken important initiatives in this direction. An ambitious project to bring the products of the Commission to the well-known e-commerce portals of the country has been taken up. If you have paid attention to e-commerce portals like Flipkart, Snapdeal, and Amazon recently, then you must have seen the products of the Khadi brand there. These products belong to the category of cosmetics: creams, soaps, shampoos, face packs, oils, etc., sold under the brand name “Khadi.” But soon Khadi clothes will also start selling on e-commerce sites. Websites like Flipkart, Snapdeal, and Amazon can make Khadi products accessible to millions of consumers.
Many fashion designers are experimenting with Khadi. Rohit Bal (Delhi), Savyasanchi (Mumbai), Gaurav Jai Gupta (Delhi), Shani Himanshu (Delhi), Paromita Banerjee (Kolkata), Vaishali Shadangule (Mumbai), and Metapher Richa (Bangalore) are such designers. Khadi’s designer clothes have even been showcased at Lakme India Fashion Week and are becoming the highlight of designers’ studios.

The pleasant thing is that the central government is going to spread broadband internet facilities widely under its “Digital India” program. Through the National Optical Fiber Network (NOFN), we are moving forward in the direction of connecting 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats with this facility. It will be the world’s largest optical fibre network. Once the broadband connectivity reaches the village, every Amokhas villager will be able to be connected to new opportunities emerging in the world. Weavers and artisans working in the field of Khadi are also included in this. Connected to the Internet, they can learn better techniques, connect with new customers, get better prices for their goods and labor, and simplify many otherwise tedious processes. The internet and information technology have the potential to accelerate the globalisation of Khadi and village industries.

Role of Khadi in the Development of the Rural Economy
Recognizing the nationwide importance of Khadi, the governments formed after independence prepared programmes to promote the production, sale, and use of Khadi. In this connection, in 1956, the Parliament passed an act, according to which the Khadi and Village Industries Commission was formed the following year, in 1957. The activities of the Commission were expanded by amending this Act in 1987 and again in 2006. Khadi in the country before the commission was formed
The All India Khadi and Village Industries Board used to handle the coordination and operation of the activities related to it. The commission was entrusted with the responsibility of making plans for the development of Khadi and village industries in rural areas and developing and organising them. The commission was also given the task of making efforts in the direction of promoting the use of Khadi in coordination with other agencies working for rural development. The Commission also provides financial assistance to small and micro- or cottage-industry units dedicated to the production and development of Khadi. The commission also provides guidance to these units in activities such as designing, adopting new techniques for production and sales, and taking measures to increase production capacity. It also conducts research in the direction of making Khadi more attractive and sustainable and transmits the research results to the Khadi-producing units. In this entire business, equal emphasis is given to generating maximum employment for the rural masses by utilising the local and traditional skills and resources available in the villages and providing Khadi products at the least possible cost.

The government has announced several new policies and programmes in the direction of inclusive development. The objective of inclusive development is to make the neglected, poor, and backward sections of society participants in the mainstream economy by extending the benefits of development. The measures taken under this policy also include “Mudra Bank,” which will arrange refinancing for those institutions that provide financial assistance or loans to small and micro units. Mudra Bank can also assist Khadi and village industries. In this way, Mudra Bank can prove useful in the expansion and empowerment of the Khadi industry.

Mahatma Gandhi and Khadi
Every revolution of the wheel revolves around peace, harmony, and love.
Gandhiji gave three ideas regarding Khadi: “First, Khadi is an idea. Second, khadi is a message. Third, Khadi is a philosophy.
Gandhiji is considered the father of modern Khadi. With him came a new perspective on Khadi for the Swadeshi movement, and he visualised the power of the Charkha and turned it into a weapon of national independence.Gandhiji propagated Charkha as an ideology and encouraged the people. Indians need not depend on British goods to achieve self-sufficiency by wearing Khadi. Khadi began to rise again thanks to Gandhiji’s efforts.The old, rusted charkhas were revamped with new improvements. Khadi became a symbol of national unity and the desire to achieve independence.
Gandhi ji used to say, “If Khadi cannot provide useful employment to lakhs of people in the country, then it has no value in my eyes.”
Gandhiji considered khadi as an important and useful industry. He considered Khadi relevant not only for his personal and his party’s Congress but also for national unity, social equality, economic uplift, self-reliance, and the freedom movement. He made Khadi a part of the freedom struggle by making it a strong tool for employment generation and the expansion of the Swadeshi concept in the country, especially in rural India.
(1) In 1919, Gandhiji formally launched the Khadi programme in India.
(2) The first Khadi production centre was established in 1921 at Kathiawad in Gujarat.
(3) In 1925, an independent autonomous body called Sans Pdkpanchpaddmate.evbpanjpvad.p.d., or the All India Charkha Association, was formed to implement the Khadi programme in India.
(4) In 1935, the All India Village Industries Association was formed.
In 1946, the Madras government formed the Khadi Department on the basis of Gandhiji’s ideas.
Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation, won both the independence and self-reliance wars by spinning yarn.The Khadi campaign started by Mahatma Gandhi was not limited to just clothes; it became a symbol of the freedom struggle. After returning from South Africa, he saw the humility of Indians and decided that he would wear only a khadi dhoti. Even today, the message of Mahatma Gandhi is present among us in the form of Khadi. The popularity of Khadi is increasing even in this changing environment.

Swadeshi movement
Back in 1905, the National Indian Congress started the Swadeshi Movement to boycott foreign goods and encourage Swadeshi (Made in India) goods. This boycott furthered the despondency toward foreign clothing and the insistence on indigenous clothing.

Role of Mahatma Gandhi in the development of Kashmir before independence
Around 1910, the spinning wheel or loom was not visible. In his autobiography, Mahatma Gandhi stated that in Hind Swaraj, it was believed that poverty in India could be eradicated through the spinning wheel.And it is something that everyone can understand: the same way that hunger is eradicated, Swarajya will be achieved in the same way. He came back to India from South Africa in 1915, and even then he did not see the spinning wheel. As soon as the ashram was opened, the loom was started there. I had to face great difficulty even in starting the loom. We were all unaware, so the loom could not run just because it was found. In the ashram, all of us who used pens or knew how to do business had gathered; there was no artisan among us. That’s why, after getting the loom, there was a need for someone to teach weaving. Looms were found in Kothiawar and Palanpur, and a teacher came. He didn’t show his full skill. But Maganlal Gandhi was not going to give up the work he had started. He had workmanship in his hands.
In the 1920s, when hand-made Khadi clothes were introduced in India, it started moving forward as an ideology. Its biggest admirer was Mahatma Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi made cotton a symbol of India’s self-reliance. There were thousands of reasons for this, not just one. At that time, khadi was prepared by hand. All Indian men and women started earning their livelihood by associating with Khadi. It turned out to be one such option that the fabric was farthest away from in the Indian climate. It would have proved comfortable for the people in the summer season. After wearing it, both sweat and heat started feeling better. Although the work of making cotton clothes is very laborious, But since then, very little has changed in the process of making Khadi. Similarly, to understand the concept of Mahatma Gandhi and Charkha, it is necessary to understand all the points of his autobiography. After reading his autobiography, it is clear that when he returned from Africa, a need was felt to improve the living standards of the weavers in the country. Under this, the campaign for weaving yarn started. We could not get handwoven fabric made of indigenous mill yarn. At that time, the weavers used to weave all the fine cloth from the imported yarn. because our milled yarn could not be spun. The second big crisis was that neither a spinning wheel nor a person could be found anywhere.

Mahatma Gandhi has written in his autobiography that in 1917, my Gujarati friends dragged me to the Bharoch Education Council. There I met the brave widowed sister, Gangabai. She was not very educated, but she had more courage and understanding than is usually found in educated sisters. It is clear from this that Mahatma Gandhi had planned to connect women with employment through the Khadi campaign. Now it is being expanded. Efforts are also being made by the central government to put the ideology of Mahatma Gandhi on a new platform.

Champaran, Mahatma Gandhi, and Khadi
In fact, the whole life of Mahatma Gandhi is also a symbol of simplicity. He never liked expensive clothes. He spent his whole life wearing Khadi clothes. Mahatma Gandhi reached there even before the Satyagraha started in the Champaran district of Bihar. It is said that the condition of the women who gathered for the prayer meeting was very inferior. They didn’t even have enough clothes to wear. This thing hurt Gandhiji a lot. When Gandhiji talked to the women, he came to know that they had only one set of clothes to wear. Many people had torn sarees, due to which there was a lot of difficulty covering the body. This thing also troubled Mahatma Gandhi a lot. After this, he decided to make women aware that they could wear sarees made by their own hands. Since then, Gandhiji started giving priority to spinning yarn and wearing Khadi. In December 1921, Gandhiji was appointed the executive officer of the Indian National Congress, and under his leadership, the Congress formed an organisation called Swaraj. Over time, Mahatma Gandhi expanded his non-violent platform to include the Swadeshi policy, which included boycotting foreign goods, especially English goods.
Khadi was commercialised with the independence of India. The government came up with various schemes and efforts to establish a self-sufficient economy. Although the Charkha Union was now dedicated to a degree of self-sufficiency in khadi, it could not abdicate its responsibility of making khadi available to those who wanted it but were unable to spin for themselves, so the union decided to hand over to commercial It has been decided that the work of Khadi be given to certified institutions.

Khadi Board
It soon became an important part of national development plans, along with other industries. With the advent of planning, the role of Khadi, along with other village industries, was re-evaluated by the Planning Commission. added a new dimension to the debate over widespread rural unemployment and underemployment.The Khadi organisation and programme were also given a new direction by the Akhil Bharat Sarva Seva Sangh, which took over the work of the Charkha Sangh and the All India Village Industries Association. Under this organization, Khadi’s convergence with other village industries was considered not in isolation but as a part of an integrated plan for rural industrialization, aimed at the reduction of poverty and unemployment and the generation of employment. On the recommendation of the Planning Commission and in consultation with leading food workers, an autonomous body called the All India Khadi and Village Industries Board was established in 1953 to plan and organise khadi development along with other village industries. Since then, the present phase of the development of khadi has begun. Khadi has evolved from a symbol of independence to a component of an overall economic development strategy.

Khadi and Village Industries Commission, 1956
The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a statutory body set up by the Government of India. Act of the Khadi and Village Industries Commission of 1956It is an apex organisation under the Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Village Industries in relation to Khadi and Village Industries within India, which plans, promotes, facilitates, organizes, and assists in the establishment and development of Khadi and Village Industries. coordinates with other agencies engaged in rural development wherever necessary in rural areas. In April 1957, it took over the work of the erstwhile All India Khadi and Village Industries Board.

Main Objectives of the Commission
The Commission has three major objectives that guide its functions. These are the following:
Social objective: providing employment in rural areas.
Economic objective: providing salable material
Broad Objective: To make people self-reliant and build a strong rural social spirit.
The Commission strives to achieve these objectives by controlling and implementing various schemes and programmes.

Major functions of the Khadi Village Industries Commission
KVIC is involved in the planning, promotion, organization, and coordination of Khadi and other rural development of village industries in rural areas, as well as the implementation of development programmes with agencies as needed.
Raw materials are supplied to manufacturers for processing, and artisans are trained in the creation of common service facilities.In order to encourage Khadi and promote the sale and marketing of Khadi or village industries or handicrafts products, the Khadi Village Industries Commission is to maintain liaison with established marketing agencies wherever possible and necessary. Ho.

KVIC also has the task of encouraging and providing electricity to the Khadi and Village Industries sector and facilities for research in production techniques and equipment and problems related to it, including the use of non-conventional energy.

Rural Economy and Khadi Industry
To revive the rural economy, Gandhiji introduced Khadi and village industries as an integral part of the Indian freedom struggle. The All India Weavers’ Association was established in 1925, and after that, in s an integral part of the Indian freedom struggle. The All India Weavers’ Association was established in 1925, and after that, in 1934, the foundation stone of the All India Village Industry Association was laid. After independence, the government reiterated its commitment to strengthen and develop India’s rural economy through khadi and village industries and made necessary provisions for this in India’s first five-year plan. In 1953, the All India Khadi and Village Industries Board was established under the Ministry of Commerce. Following that, the Khadi and Village Industries Act was passed by Parliament in 1956 with the goal of making the economy more dynamic and ensuring its continuous progress. And thus, in 1957, the Khadi and Village Industries Commission, cherishing the cultural heritage of our country, brought Khadi Village Industries into existence, and its national headquarters were established in Mumbai.

Programs and Schemes of the Khadi and Village Industries Commission
Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Program (PMEGP)
The Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Program (PMEGP) is a flagship programme of the Commission, which was launched in September 2008. Through the Khadi and Village Industries Commission in rural areas and the Khadi and Village Industries Board and District Industry Centers in urban areas, the PMEGP scheme provides 25 lakhs in the direction of providing employment to local unemployed youth.proving to be a better vehicle to set up microprojects with capital investments up to Rs. Under the Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Program (PMEGP) scheme, loans up to Rs. 25.00 lakh and subsidies (margin money) of 15 to 25 percent for general categories and subsidies (margin) for special categories like SC/ST, women, minorities, etc. Money is distributed at a 25 to 35 percent rate.10 percent of my own contribution has been kept for the general category and 5 percent for the special category for setting up the enterprise.

Marketing Development Assistance (MDA)
As an incentive aid for the development of Khadi, the MDA scheme for the production of Khadi and Polyvastra was launched on April 1, 2010 in place of the exemption system.MDA is to be spent at the rate of 20 percent. 25 percent of the MDA amount is given directly to the spinners and weavers in the form of bonuses, due to which the income of Khadi craftsmen has increased and their standard of living has improved. 75% of the MDA amount is used by Khadi institutions, 30% for production, and 45% for marketing activities such as capacity building, infrastructure creation, skill upgradation, sales rebate, etc.

Khadi Reforms and Development Program (KRDP)
In order to understand the importance of the Khadi sector, there is a need for an evaluation of the employment generation in this sector, an increase in the earnings of artisans, and an improvement in the Khadi sector in sync with the needs of the present market. The Khadi Reform and Development Program (KRDP) launched by the Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, Government of India, in collaboration with the Asian Development Bank (ADB), is a right effort in this direction. It is required to revive the Khadi industry for the dissemination of vast employment opportunities in rural India with the objective of improving the strategy and policy level and implementing institutional reforms to achieve the objectives of Khadi’s sustainability, artisan welfare, and employment growth opportunities in rural India. Reviving Khadi and village industries

Revised SFURTI Program Scheme
A web-based management project has been started for online management and monitoring. To enable providing cross-thematic support across the cluster, T.A. Introduce level approval, in principle approval, and final approval to make CBI involvement more constructive and transparent.The in-principle approval will be valid for 6 months from the date of approval, and before that, it is expected that the Detailed Project Report of the project will be ready for final approval. The nodal agency will conduct the most thorough review.The NA will put in place a customised monitoring system duly approved by the NSC. The Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises will also regularly review the progress of the projects under the scheme.
Workshed Scheme for Khadi Artisans
The commission has started this scheme to increase the production and income of the artisans and to provide an adequate and conducive environment for the artisans to work easily and without fatigue, with the objective of providing domestic cotton, raw materials, tools, and equipment, etc. in a better environment. to help increase the efficiency and productivity of craftsmen while providing more storage and work space for maintenance. Under this scheme, assistance of up to Rs. 45,000 for an individual workshed and up to Rs. 30,000 per artisan for group workshed assistance is provided. So far, 31,704 Khadi artisans have benefited from disbursements totaling Rs. 89.02 crore under this scheme.

Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana
The Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana (Khadi Karigar Janashree Bima Yojana) is a group protection scheme for Khadi artisans. This plan also covers natural death, accidental death, and permanent or total disability. Apart from this, two children of Khadi artisans who are studying in classes 9 through 12 under the educational benefit (Shiksha Sahyog Yojna), including ITI, are also eligible for a scholarship of Rs. 300 per quarter. Keeping in view the health aspect of the artisans engaged in the Khadi sector, the Commission has decided to adopt a health benefit insurance scheme for Khadi artisans along the lines of other unorganised sectors. Along with various programmes and schemes of the Commission, efforts are being made to link Khadi artisans with various schemes of the Government of India, like the Atal Pension Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Accident Insurance Scheme, Social Security Scheme, Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Yojana, etc.

five-year plan
The first Five Year Plan stated that village industries have a central place in rural development programs, including Khadi. The development of industries in response to population growth was an important but difficult task. The objectives were again emphasised during the subsequent five-year plans. In light of new data and developments in Gaya, the state’s policies were reemphasized when the Khadi Board launched the Khadi Development Programme. With various Khadi activities, a whole network of organizations, including old certified institutions, began. With government financial assistance given by the Government of India, it started formulating and executing various schemes of Khadi work on both the production and sales sides. The Board’s progress over the four years of its existence was truly remarkable. The production and sale of Khadi goods increased tremendously in the country.

plan wise production and employment in khadi Industries in India

Plan period	Production in crore	Employment in crore
First Plan	37.62	0.05078
Second Plan	64.72	0.0763
Third Plan	107.83	0.1057
Fourth Plan	143.49	0.582
Fifth Plan	288.17	0.1076
Sixth Plan	618.66	0.6927
Seventh Plan	1423.78	0.8155
Eighth Plan	2252.69	0.7027
Ninth Plan	2654.5	0.5825
Tenth Plan	2417.93	0.4329
Eleventh Plan	3147.56	0.4903
Twelfth Plan	4919.05	0.481

Source:Annual Reports of KVIC and Usha Singh Research Paper-1989

First Five-Year Plan (1951–1956)
Not much was said about Khadi in the first five-year plan except for a few institutions that were doing well. The Government of India established the All India Village Industries Board (AIVB) to closely monitor all programmes of village industries and create a conducive environment for work. Managed by experienced Khadi and Village Industries professionals, as well as some Central Government representatives.In the first plan, the commission said that the Khadi and Village Industries Organization needs to be run in a cooperative spirit by both the central and state governments. The primary responsibility for implementing the schemes rested with the state governments, and the framework for the implementation of the schemes was followed by the recommendation of the scheme by the central government. The All India Khadi and Village Industries Board was established by the Government of India in January 1953, and the main functions of this board were as follows:
To plan and organise programmes to promote Khadi and village industries.
Providing training to entrepreneurs and artisans associated with Khadi and village industries
Supply of raw materials to the concerned industries
Provision of marketing and research for the development of industries
to study the economic problems of various village industries in the state.
Second Five-Year Plan (1956–1961)
The second five-year plan saw an increase of 72 percent in production and 50 percent in employment. In order to increase employment in rural areas, efforts were made by the commission to implement Amber Charkhas in villages and households. Although high priority was given to the development of heavy industries in all the plans, a large number of funds were used to promote khadi and village industries.
The Khadi and Village Industries Commission came into existence in 1956, replacing the Board as it suffered from several constraints, such as a lack of proper financial management. That is why, in 1955, a bill was introduced in Parliament proposing the formation of a commission with appropriate administrative and executive power.
The committee’s evaluation in 1960 found that the programme did not live up to expectations due to a lack of training, the dehumanisation of spinning, and a lack of organisational structure.

Third Five-Year Plan (1961–1966)
The Third Five-Year Plan saw positive growth in both employment and production as compared to the previous plans. In the third five-year plan, the emphasis was on improving skills and providing technical guidance. Special emphasis was laid on the availability of better equipment and credit to reduce the cost of production and achieve higher productivity.
Subsidies and other financial assistance were provided to promote the cotton industry. The manufacture and distribution of amber charkha were expanded on a large scale. The quality of the Charkhas manufactured in the early stages was subpar.The plan saw a 66 percent increase in output and a 38 percent increase in employment as compared to the second five-year plan.

Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969–1974)
Compared to the third five-year plan, the production of Khadi increased to 143.49 in this five-year plan. In the fourth five-year plan, special attention was drawn to the need for various initiatives in backward areas with Khadi and Village Industries’ regional imbalance, as during the third five-year plan a target was set to distribute 3 lakh amber charkhas, which was not met; only 13534 charkhas were distributed, and production growth was steady during the third five-year plan. In the fourth five-year plan, emphasis was laid on providing full-time employment to artisans in Khadi industries.

5th 5-Year Period (1974-1979)
The major concern of the Fifth Five-Year Plan was to increase the level of employment in rural areas, and the trend of employment in the Fourth Plan was negative. It emphasises the needs of traditional artisans who have been displaced by modern techniques and a lack of resources.During this time, it was suggested that the banking structure be expanded in order to overcome money-related problems.

Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980–1985)
618.66 crore were produced in the sixth five-year plan, which is a lower growth rate than the fifth five-year plan, and employment of 0.6927 was achieved in the sixth five-year plan.

Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985–1990)
The Seventh Five-Year Plan focused on employment generation for the rural masses in khadi and village industries, along with other small-scale industries. The plan allocated Rs 2752.74 crore for small-scale industries, including the development of khadi and village industries. Despite many challenges, 0.81525 crore of employment was achieved in Khadi during the Seventh Five Year Plan, which is 0.1228 crore more than the Sixth Five Year Plan, and 1423.78 crore was produced, which is more than 805.12 crore from the Sixth Five Year Plan.

Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992-1997)
The main objective of the Eighth Five-Year Plan was to create employment opportunities in rural areas. For this, a power committee was formed under the chairmanship of the honourable prime minister. Production increased from the previous plan to 2252.69 crore during the Eighth Five-Year Plan, and 0.7027 crore of new jobs were created.

Ninth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002)
The Ninth Five-Year Plan has shown better overall performance during the plan period. There has been an increase in production and sales under this scheme. The Ninth Plan has seen several efforts made by the Commission to bring positive changes to the Khadi sector. to increase customer demand for Khadi by providing high-quality products, as well as to develop new products and expand the industry’s potential.

The National Institute of Design Ahmedabad, the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, and the Textiles Committee in Mumbai collaborated on this project.
Institutional loans were provided to Khadi institutions at concessional rates.
The Rural Industries Service Center was created to help artisans with training, raw material availability, and skill upgradation.

Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002–2007)
Certain strategies for the development of Khadi and village industries were included in the Tenth Five-Year Plan. The following are the strategies:
Employment generation in rural areas
to encourage employment opportunities in rural areas.
To increase the production and profit in the Khadi sector, the focus was on training for improved types of equipment and skill upgrades.
All these efforts have improved the quality of Khadi.

Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007-2012)
During this scheme, an attempt was made to change the mindset of the people towards Khadi, and the trend of people toward Khadi started increasing. During this time, the following efforts were made to promote the sale of Khadi:
Advertising campaigns were carried out in India and abroad.
New Khadi shops were opened at all international airports.

Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2012–2017)
Under the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, value addition was taken up as a major thrust area to make Khadi more attractive and economically sound. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission had set a target of achieving 70% value addition, which would later go up to 100%. The major areas of value addition in Khadi were identified as follows:
To recognise Khadi as a village heritage, including villages.
to develop Khadi products for all age groups.
The Twelfth Five-Year Plan focused on developing Khadi as eco-friendly and in line with the fashion trend, which would lead to a green economy, and these efforts have really helped in increasing the demand for Khadi across the globe.

Introduction of Khadi in Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand is a North Indian state of India with an area of 53483 km2 and a population of 10,086,292. It is divided into 13 districts and the Kumaon and Garhwal divisions. Uttarakhand was formed on November 9, 2000. The geographical outlook of Uttarakhand is suitable for setting up industries in both plains and hilly areas.
Industry
The industries of Uttarakhand form the basis of its economic system. In recent years, Uttarakhand has emerged as one of the most attractive industrial destinations in India. Major industries in Uttarakhand include
silk industry
Uttarakhand has unique environmental conditions for the production of all types of silk, including mulberry silk, tasar silk, and oak tasar silk; all of these silks are produced in Uttarakhand and are of excellent quality.

cotton industry
In Uttarakhand, cotton is produced in sufficient quantity in many areas, and there are many cotton mills located in different areas of the state, including Dehradun, Udham Singh Nagar, and Nainital district.

Khadi and Village Industries Board in Uttarakhand
The Uttarakhand Khadi and Village Industries Board was established on August 17, 2002 under Uttar Pradesh Reorganization Act, Section 87, pursuant to the decision taken in the meeting held on July 31, 2002, in the year 2000.

Objectives of the Uttarakhand Khadi and Village Industries Board
Organization of Khadi and village industries in the states; implementation of all schemes in an organised manner.

Artists interested in working in Khadi and village industries are trained and assisted in establishing self-employment.

Providing raw materials and machinery equipment to artisans and entrepreneurs associated with Khadi and village industries; organising wide publicity and buyer-seller meetings for Khadi and village industry products in the state.
Research and development activities for Khadi and Village Industries products and solving their problems
to solve problems related to the research and development of Khadi products and to ensure the development of village industries.

Khadi Board Advantages
To establish Khadi and Village Industries units for the development of entrepreneurs and the development of centralised production.
Training programmes for entrepreneurs and the establishment of cottage industries
Promotion of Khadi and village industry products, as well as buyer-seller meetings.

Uttarakhand’s Khadi progress has been slow.
Despite the increase in the demand, production, and sale of Khadi in the state for a long time, there is still a shortage somewhere, as a result of which the qualitative result of Khadi in the state has declined. The state government initiates from time to time various schemes and policies to promote the growth rate of Khadi, as Khadi is an important part of small-scale industries and has an important place in its own right in the economy. The state of Uttarakhand is a state that is very popular among industrialists, especially for Khadi and village industries because Uttarakhand has various local products and is rich in cotton production, but in spite of all this, the production of Khadi in the state is slow. Decreasing slowly. There is a huge shortage of Khadi in the state, which is due to the following:

Despite the market demand for Khadi, governments have remained apathetic, with no sympathy for the people associated with Khadi industries.
problems related to funds to buy raw materials and machinery
Economic problems related to minimum wages and a lack of funds to manufacture the required quantity of the product

Khadi as a national symbol is slowly moving towards apathy in spite of such huge market demand. The state is facing a serious decline in the growth of Khadi even after an overall increase in production and sales. Khadi is said to be an employment-generating industry, but due to a paucity of funds, the production is decreasing, as a result of which the employment level is also declining, which leads to a low income level and a low standard of living. The popular Khadi products of Uttarakhand, including blankets, sarees, and shawls, have a huge demand in the market, but due to various problems, Khadi is fighting for its existence in the state, due to which proper development of Khadi is not taking place.
Objectives of the study
The present study will help us identify the emerging trends in Khadi production, sales, and employment in India. This research also helps us to analyse the trends in production, sales, and employment of Khadi over the last decade in Uttarakhand, along with the future prospects of Khadi in India and Uttarakhand.
The specific objectives of the research are as follows:
1: analyse and study the glorious past and bright future of Khadi in India and Uttarakhand.
2. A period of reform to analyse the trend of production, sales, and employment of Khadi in India and Uttarakhand
3. To study the future possibilities of Khadi in India and Uttarakhand.

Year wise status of khadi Production in India 2010-2020

Year	Production in crore	Annual change	Annual % change
2010-2011	673.01	–	–
2011-2012	716.98	43.97	6.53
2012-2013	761.93	44.95	6.27
2013-2014	809.7	47.77	6.27
2014-2015	879.98	70.28	8.68
2015-2016	1065.6	185.9	21.13
2016-2017	1401.84	336.24	31.55
2017-2018	1465.21	63.37	4.52
2018-2019	1765.51	300.3	20.49
2019-2020	2065.81	300.3	17.09

Source: Annual reports of KVIC since 2010 to 2020

The data displayed in the above table has been taken from the annual report of the Khadi and Village Industries Commission from 2010 to 2020. In the year 2010–11, the total production of Khadi was 673.01 crores, and in 2011–12, the total production of Khadi was 716.98 crores, which was 43.97 crores more than the previous year with an annual growth rate of 6.53 percent. The production in 2012-13 was 761.93 crore, which was 44.95 crore higher than in 2011-12, indicating a 6.27 percent annual growth rate.The total production of Khadi in 2013–14 increased to 809.7 crores from the year 2012–13, which was 47.77 crores more than the previous year. The annual growth rate of this year was 6.27 percent. In 2014-15, production increased by 70.28 crores from the previous year 2013-14, so that the total production of Khadi in the year 2014-15 was 879.98 crores, which is an annual growth rate of 8.68 percent. In the year 2015-16, the total Khadi production was 1065.6 crores, with an increase of 185.9 crores and an annual growth rate of 21.13 percent. The total production of Khadi in 2016–17 was 1401.84 crores, which is 336.27 crores more than the production of 2015–16; that is, the annual growth rate of this year was 31.55 percent. In 2017–18, there was an increase of 63.37 crores as compared to the year 2016–17, due to which the total production of Khadi was 1465.21 crores, and the annual growth rate of this year was 4.52 percent. The total production of Khadi in the year 2018–19 was 1765.51 crores, which was 300.3 crores more than the production of the year 2017–18, which means an annual growth rate of 20.49 percent. In the year 2019–20, the total production of Khadi was 2065.81 crores, with an annual growth rate of 17.09.

In short, it is clear from these figures that the production of Khadi is continuously increasing in India. A significant increase can be seen in the production of Khadi in the year 2016–17, which was the highest increase of 31.55 percent. But the lowest increase was 4.45 percent in 2017–18.

Year wise status of khadi Sales in India 2010-2020

Year	Sales in crore	Annual change	Annual % change
2010-2011	917.26	–	–
2011-2012	967.87	50.61	5.52
2012-2013	1021.56	53.69	5.55
2013-2014	1081.04	59.48	5.82
2014-2015	1170.38	89.34	8.26
2015-2016	1510.00	339.62	29.02
2016-2017	2007.61	497.61	32.95
2017-2018	2249.18	241.57	12.03
2018-2019	2854.19	605.01	26.89
2019-2020	3459.2	605.01	21.19

The total sale of Khadi in 2010–11 was Rs 917.26 crore. In the year 2011–12, the sale of Khadi increased to 967.87 crore, which was 80.61 crore more than the previous year, which means it was an increase of 5.52 percent. In the year 2012–13, the sale of Khadi increased by 53.69 crores from the year 2011–12, which was an annual growth rate of 5.55 percent in the year 2012–13. The total sale of Khadi in 2013–14 was 1081.04 crores, which was 59.48 crores more than in 2012–13, and it was an increase of 5.82 percent in this year. The total sales in the year 2014–15 increased to 1170.38 crores from the previous year’s sales of 89.34 crores, i.e., an increase of 8.26 percent. In 2015-16, the total sale of Khadi increased from 1170.38 crores in the year 2014-15 to 1510 crores, which was an annual growth rate of 29.02 percent for the year. The total sales in 2016–17 were 7.61 crores, which were 497.61 crores more than the sales year 2015–16, and this year’s annual growth rate was 32.95 percent. The total sales in the year 2017–18 were 2249.18 crores, which was 241.57 crores more than the previous year, which means there was a growth rate of 12.03 percent this year. The total sales in 2018–19 were 2854.19 crores; this was 605.01 crores more than the previous year, 2017–18, i.e., the annual growth rate was 26.89 percent. In the year 2019–20, the total sale of Khadi was 3459.2 crores, with an annual growth rate of 21.19 percent.

In short, it is clear from these figures that the sale of Khadi is continuously increasing in India. The sale of Khadi increased significantly in the fiscal year 2016-17, with the highest increase of 332.9 percent.

Year wise status of khadi Employment in India 2010-2020

Year	Employment in crore	Annual change	Annual growth rate
2010-2011	0.1015	–	–
2011-2012	0.1045	0.003	2.96
2012-2013	0.1071	0.0026	2.56
2013-2014	0.1098	0.0027	2.52
2014-2015	0.1106	0.0008	0.73
2015-2016	0.1107	0.0001	0.09
2016-2017	0.0428	-0.0679	-61.34
2017-2018	0.0434	0.0006	1.40
2018-2019	0.046	0.0026	5.99
2019-2020	0.0486	0.0026	5.65

Source: Annual reports of KVIC since 2010 to 2020

In India, the Khadi industry sector employed 0.1015 crore people in 2010-11; in comparison to the previous year in 2011-12, the Khadi sector employed 0.1045 crore people, representing a 2.96 percent annual growth rate.In 2012-13, the Khadi sector employed 0.1071 crore people, with a 2.56 percent annual growth rate.In 2013-14, the employment generation potential in the Khadi sector increased to 0.1098 crore from the previous year, which was an increase of 2.52 percent. In the year 2014–15, 0.1106 crore people were employed in the Khadi industry sector; that is, the annual increase was 0.73 percent. In 2015-16, the Khadi industry generated employment of 0.1107 crores, which is an annual growth rate of 0.09. Employment declined in the Khadi sector in 2016–17, during which 0.0428 crore people were employed, and the annual growth rate for this year was -61.34 percent. Employment was provided to 0.0434 crore people in 2017–18, 0.0446 crore people in 2018–19, and 0.0486 crore people in 2019–20 in the Khadi industry sector.

In summary, 0.1107 crore people were employed in the Khadi sector in 2015-16, according to the data shown in the preceding table. But after that, there was a sharp decline in the year 2016–17, which was a decline of -61.34 percent. In 2018-19, the lowest employment in the Khadi industry sector in the last decade was 0.046 crore.

Year wise Production of Khadi in Uttarakhand 2010-2020

Year	Production in Lakhs	Annual change	Annual growth rate
2010-2011	15575.88	–	–
2011-2012	14583.9	-991.98	-6.37
2012-2013	13591.92	-991.98	-6.80
2013-2014	12599.94	-991.98	-7.30
2014-2015	12919.92	319.98	2.54
2015-2016	10445.13	-2474.79	-19.15
2016-2017	7352.18	-3092.95	-29.61
2017-2018	9835.28	2483.1	33.77
2018-2019	12254.94	2419.66	24.60
2019-2020	14674.6	2420.32	19.75

Source: Annual reports of KVIC since 2010 to 2020 and Extrapolation Methods

The production of Khadi in Uttarakhand was 15575.88 lakhs in the year 2010–11, which decreased to 14583.9 lakhs in the year 2011–12, which was an annual decline of -6.37 percent. In 2012–13, the production of Khadi in Uttarakhand declined again, to 13591.92 lakhs from 12599.94 lakhs in 2013–14. In the year 2014–15, the production of Khadi had increased to 12919.92 lakhs from the previous year; the annual growth this year was 2.54 percent. Blanks production fell again in 2015-16, to 10445.13 lakhs.In the year 2016–17, 7352.18 lakhs were produced, and in the year 2017–18, the production of Khadi in Uttarakhand was 9835.28 lakhs. In 2018-19, the production increased to 12254.94 lakhs from the previous year, and in 2019-20, the production of Khadi in Uttarakhand increased to 14674.6 lakhs, with an annual growth rate of 19.75 percent.

In short, the production of Khadi in Uttarakhand has seen a lot of ups and downs in the last decade, with the production of Khadi in the year 2010-11 being 15575.88 lakhs, which is the highest of this decade, followed by a continuous decline in the following years. The lowest production year, 2016-17, has a production of 7352.18 lakhs.

Year wise Sales of Khadi in Uttarakhand 2010-2020

Year	Sales in Lakhs	Annual change	Annual growth rate
2010-2011	19468.24	–	–
2011-2012	18228.07	-1240.17	-6.37
2012-2013	16989.9	-1238.17	-6.79
2013-2014	15749.93	-1239.97	-7.30
2014-2015	16149.9	399.97	2.54
2015-2016	13056.41	-3093.49	-19.15
2016-2017	9190.22	-3866.19	-29.61
2017-2018	12294.13	3103.91	33.77
2018-2019	25598.13	13304	108.21
2019-2020	38902.13	13304	51.97

Source: Annual reports of KVIC since 2010 to 2020 and Extrapolation Methods

In 2010-11, the sale of Khadi in Uttarakhand was 460.84 lakh; in 2011-12, the sale was 18228.07, a -6.37 percent decrease.The sale of Khadi decreased again, to 16989.9 lakhs in 2012–13 and 15749.93 lakhs in 2013–14. Khadi sales increased to 16149.9 lakhs in 2014-15, representing a 2.54 percent increase year on year.In 2015-16, the sale of Khadi was 13056.41 lakhs, a decline in comparison to the previous year. Once again, a decline in Khadi sales was recorded in 2016-17; this decline was -29.61 percent of this year and the highest decline in the last decade.In the year 2017–18, there was an increase in the production of Khadi, and 12294.13 lakhs were sold. In 2018-19, the sale of Khadi further increased to 25598.13 lakhs, and in 2019-20, Uttarakhand can see the highest sales in the last decade, with a growth rate of 51.97 percent in this year.
In short, looking at the last decade in terms of Khadi sales in Uttarakhand, it appears that the sales of Khadi in Uttarakhand are heading towards a growing scenario. In the last decade, the highest sale of Khadi was 38902.13 lakh in the year 2019–20, and the lowest was 9190.22 lakh in the year 2016–16.

Year wise Employment of Khadi in Uttarakhand 2010-2020

Year	Employment in Nos	Annual change	Annual growth rate
2010-2011	10434	–	–
2011-2012	9401	-1033	-9.90
2012-2013	8368	-1033	-10.99
2013-2014	7335	-1033	-84.05
2014-2015	7889	554	7.55
2015-2016	6161	-1728	-21.90
2016-2017	9890	3729	60.53
2017-2018	12904	3014	30.48
2018-2019	17448	4544	35.21
2019-2020	21992	4544	26.04

Source: Annual reports of KVIC since 2010 to 2020 and Extrapolation Methods

The Khadi industry sector in Uttarakhand provided employment to 10434 people in 2010–11, and this employment decreased to 9401 in 2011–12. In the 2012-2013 fiscal year, the Khadi industry sector employed 8368 people; in the 2013-2014 fiscal year, it employed 7335 people.This year, employment decreased by 1033 as compared to the previous year. The annual decline was -84.05 percent and is the highest in the last decade. In 2014–15, 7889 people were provided employment in the Khadi sector, and in 2015–16, 6161 people were so employed. In 2016–17, employment increased to 9890, which was an annual growth rate of 60.53 percent; this growth rate is the highest in the last decade. In 2017–18, employment was provided to 12904 people, and in 2018–19, the Khadi industry sector increased to provide employment to 17448 people, which is 4544 more than the previous year. The Khadi industry employed 21992 people in 2019-20, representing a 26.04 percent increase over this year.

To sum up, Uttarakhand has seen very attractive trends in the employment situation in the Khadi industry sector in the last decade. In which 10434 people were employed in 2010-11, followed by a decline in employment from 2011-12 to 2015-16. The highest decline in employment was an 84.05 percent annual decline in the years 2013–14 and 2016; there has been a continuous increase in employment since 1997. The highest growth rate was in the year 2016–17, which was an annual growth of 60.53 percent.

Conclusions and Suggestions

Khadi has been the national symbol of India for many years. It was part of the Indian flag in those days. Khadi has been an integral part of Indian history, culture, and tradition.

After the independence of India, Khadi was given special priority, and a separate board was formed for the same (the Khadi and Village Industries Commission), which works for the benefit of the Khadi industry and the people associated with it. Khadi has seen a significant increase in production and sales over the years. In the last few years, Khadi has seen an increase in domestic and international sales, with Khadi Yoga being featured as an Indian brand on the world map. Indian Khadi is gaining popularity in other countries due to its association with Gandhian ideology. Now Khadi is not only worn by politicians; it is now the first choice for various big fashion houses. This popularity and global demand are enough to show the bright future ahead for Khadi.

Khadi has been the pride of India since the beginning of civilization in the country. It has been an integral part of our culture and economy. Khadi has seen many ups and downs in all these years. Khadi is not just a fabric; it is basically a fabric. Indian fabric with a glorious past and a bright future Khadi has played a very important role in Indian history. Khadi has attracted various courtiers to India for business. Khadi itself was quite famous globally. Various merchants and kings compared Khadi to fine Chinese cloth. India used to export khadi globally.

The popularity of Indian textiles drew European traders to the country.The first European power to establish itself in India was Portugal, followed by the Dutch in 1605 and the British in 1611, initially as traders but gradually beginning to rule, and with this rule, or colonialism, began the decline of Khadi. Charan came. Initially, Indian cloth was used for various purposes in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, but gradually, the British dominance exploited the Indian weavers and the textile system. With the popularity of Indian textiles, cotton production in England was banned. Instead, it encouraged growth by sending raw materials from India to England for British textile mills. India was the largest producer and exporter of fine hand-spun and woven fabrics. which is now the only exporter and supplier of raw material to the textile mills in England, and the clothes made in these mills were later exported to the Indian market, and these cheap clothes gradually put Khadi in a hopeless situation. delivered.
The British started railways in India. which deepens the decline of Khadi in India as the railways make British-made clothing available in remote areas. And gradually, the decline of Khadi went on. But it was never possible to completely determine Khadi in India, with periods of short decline followed by a revival of Khadi. Gandhiji played a major role in the revival of Khadi. He started the Swadeshi movement to boycott foreign cloth. He brought the spinning wheel as a source of self-reliance among rural Indians. He made a strong appeal to all to wear khadi. Through his efforts, the charkha was brought back into the Indian household, and khadi was portrayed as a weapon of India’s freedom movement. It is surprising, and the reason for its existence, that hand-woven and spun cloth can survive in the face of mechanised and organised factories.The tradition and culture of Indians, which developed over the years, kept alive the demand for hand-woven and hand-spun clothes.
Despite mechanization, the mills were not able to produce some of the varieties of cloth preferred by Indians.
The hand-spinning and weaving industry in India was a major source of livelihood for a large number of people.

Khadi has long been an important part of the Indian economy, culture, and tradition; it has a glorious history and a promising future.

Khadi has seen various ups and downs over the years. Like all industries, Khadi has also gone through some major changes in trend after the new industrial policy liberalisation of 1991. After new economic policies, pictures of privatisation and globalisation came to the fore, and Khadi has seen major changes in the trends of production, sales, and employment. Globalization has a major role in all these changes.

Positive trends have been observed in production and sales in India since 1991. Compared to 1991, it has increased manifold in 2020. However, this trend has not been positive over the years.Khadi has shown a declining trend in production during 1998. Some of the reasons for this decline are as follows:

The production of Khadi was not in accordance with market demand.
Production technology that is not traditional.
Young customers were not attracted to Khadi products.
Many Khadi institutions were on the verge of closure.
Khadi clothes were based on old designs.

This is some of the reason for the decline in the production of Khadi, but immediately after this declining phase, the production of Khadi increased due to various efforts and initiatives of the Khadi and Village Industries Commission and the government. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend in the production of Khadi, some of the reasons for which are as follows:
New techniques of production
innovative designs by collaborating with brands that appeal to youth.

The production trend from 1991 to 2020 has shown a higher growth rate, which shows a bright future, as has the demand for Khadi in recent years.
The sale of Khadi has been growing tremendously over the years, or mainly in the post-reform period, with the reason for such growth being the global demand for Khadi. The quality and texture of Indian Khadi are two of the main reasons for the increase in its sales. But the trends were not positive during the year 1948, which saw a decline in sales due to various reasons.

A fall in demand
Outdated designs that were not able to attract the younger generation
High prices of manufactured goods
lack of money.
But soon after this negative fall, the sales again turned on the rising trend. The sale of Khadi was increasing globally as well as domestically, which is one possible reason for this.
The youth have increased their demand for Khadi.
An increase in demand for Khadi in foreign countries
Adoption of Khadi by some big fashion houses both domestically and internationally

Khadi is a recent fashion trend in the international market as well as in the country, which has attracted young buyers and shown an increase in Khadi sales globally. This increase in sales points towards an increase in the sale of Khadi in the future.

Gandhiji’s idea of self-reliance was linked to Khadi. Khadi is associated with employment generation in rural areas. Khadi has given employment to lakhs of weavers and other artisans for a long time. Employment also increases with the development of Khadi. The increase in the number of Khadi clusters in various states has resulted in a positive trend in employment. Despite the increase in sales and production, the employment of Khadi has shown a negative trend in the last few years. The reasons for this decline may be the following:
lack of money.
Installation of modern Charkha
Subsidies are not being provided to artisans.

People in rural areas are mostly illiterate and impoverished; thus, the Khadi industry is an excellent option for rural employment and self-sufficiency.But the modernization of the spinning wheel has led to a decline in the level of employment in rural areas because modern mechanisation has replaced the spinning wheel. As a result of this, there has been an increase in production and sales in recent years, but a satisfactory situation is evident in the field of employment.

The future of Khadi in Uttarakhand is looking bright; however, Khadi is facing some problems in some areas of the state due to funding issues. But these problems are being solved by the Khadi and Village Industries Board in Uttarakhand by starting various schemes. A fund scheme for the upliftment of traditional industries for the betterment of Khadi is one such scheme, under which 800 clusters will be set up to promote the Khadi industry. which was started with an investment of Rs. 850 crore.

Under this scheme, under the Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Program, loans are provided directly to the entrepreneurs and artisans in their bank accounts to start their work.
Interest Subsidy Eligibility Certificate This scheme is an important mechanism for financing the Khadi programme undertaken by the Khadi institutions. Under this scheme, credit at concessional rates of interest of 4 percent per annum on working capital is available as per the requirements of the credit institutions.

Assistance is provided to Khadi institutions under this scheme. All Khadi institutions receive financial and technical assistance from the Uttarakhand Khadi and Village Industries Board.

As a result of this complete research, we find that along with increasing production in India and Uttarakhand, sales are also increasing, and there is definitely a negative trend in employment because of the use of techniques and energy-driven equipment in Khadi textile industries. The use of these machines, which have now taken the place of the labour force, has reduced the labour force.With the use of mechanization, there is an increase in production, due to which the income of the people also increases. However, now that positive efforts are being made by the government, as a result of which the trend of people towards the Khadi sector is increasing, we come to the conclusion in the form of this research that, by the year 2025, production of about 3641 crores in India and 6837 crores in sales can be estimated. The target of production of 349.3 crores and sales of 2349 crores can be achieved in Uttarakhand by the year 2025.
Along with the above schemes, there are many other schemes for the development of Khadi in the state, and as a result of all these schemes, there has been an increase in sales and production throughout the year, and the projected figures for the future also show an increase in sales and production in the years to come. Huh. This clearly shows that the future of Khadi in the state is looking bright.

Suggestions for Policy Makers
Khadi is for everyone; even the downtrodden, sinners, drunkards, and gamblers can wear it. But the frightening quality of Khadi is that it is a symbol of freedom; those who want to live in a free India must wear Khadi.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Khadi has been an integral part of the Indian economy, culture, and tradition. It has come a long way, and it still has a long way to go. And to cover this long road, the Khadi industry needs some tips and recommendations for a bright future.

Khadi clothes should be reasonable. The hand-spun and woven fabrics are of high quality, but the prices are extremely high; lower prices are required to gain traction with customers.

Special treatment and support should be given to the regional Khadi group if it is suffering from one or more problems so that they can function properly and re-employ artisans, weavers, and other people associated with the industry.

Banks should be expanded in remote and backward areas so that entrepreneurs and artisans associated with Khadi can become beneficiaries of various loan schemes launched by the Khadi and Village Industries Commission.

The artisans involved in weaving and spinning should be given more training to use the modern machinery installed in the industries to reduce the level of unemployment in those fields.

To attract more and more customers, proper marketing programmes to promote Khadi among youth should be based on emotional value (Gandhian ideology) rather than commercial values.

Khadi should be promoted as an ambassador for the green economy. Khadi is an eco-friendly item and needs to be promoted to increase sales and achieve a better environment.

Khadi should be made available on popular e-commerce sites so that customers can easily buy by seeing the availability here.

Article By -: Team Kalyan Institute

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